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data-summary="这里是清羽AI，这篇文章介绍了本校操作系统课程的重点知识点，包括绪论、用户接口、进程管理、处理机调度、存储管理、文件管理和设备管理。绪论部分涵盖了操作系统的地位、作用、定义、发展历程、分类、功能、特征和结构。用户接口部分讨论了用户接口的类型、作业的定义与组成、作业的输入方式、作业组织和控制以及系统调用。进程管理部分介绍了进程的定义、进程控制块、进程状态及变迁方式、进程的互斥与同步、死锁问题、进程间通信以及线程。处理机调度部分讲解了分级调度、作业状态及转换、作业调度和进程调度的任务及功能、常用的调度算法思想以及性能评价指标的计算。存储管理部分涉及了存储管理的功能、分区管理、页式/段式/段页式管理原理、页面置换算法及FIFO异常现象、局部性原理和抖动现象。文件管理部分包括文件和文件系统的定义及文件的组成、文件的组织形式、文件空闲空间的管理、文件目录以及文件的存取控制和使用。设备管理部分介绍了设备管理的功能、设备的分类、中断技术、缓冲技术以及设备分配技术。这些内容是考试的重点，具体细节请参考PPT。">清羽AI正在绞尽脑汁想思路ING···</div><div class="ai-title"><div class="ai-title-left"><i class="fa-brands fa-slack"></i><div class="ai-title-text">清羽のAI摘要</div></div><div class="ai-tag" id="ai-tag">GLM-4-Flash</div></div></div><p>本文将就本校操作系统课程所画重点，进行知识点的大致归纳整理，其中加粗为重点，具体知识点请看PPT不要看这里</p><span id="more"></span><h2 id="考试分值划分："><a href="#考试分值划分：" class="headerlink" title="考试分值划分："></a>考试分值划分：</h2><ul><li><strong>选择题</strong>：30分</li><li><strong>填空题</strong>：15分</li><li><strong>简答题</strong>：10分</li><li><strong>计算题</strong>：35分</li><li><strong>程序题</strong>：15分</li></ul><h2 id="考试重点："><a href="#考试重点：" class="headerlink" title="考试重点："></a>考试重点：</h2><h3 id="第一章-绪论"><a href="#第一章-绪论" class="headerlink" title="第一章 绪论"></a>第一章 绪论</h3><h4 id="1-OS地位、作用和定义"><a href="#1-OS地位、作用和定义" class="headerlink" title="1. OS地位、作用和定义"></a>1. <strong>OS地位、作用和定义</strong></h4><ul><li>地位和作用： 涉及操作系统在计算机体系中的位置和作用，如资源管理、提供用户界面等。</li><li>定义： 解释操作系统是什么，其基本定义和功能。</li></ul><h4 id="2-OS发展"><a href="#2-OS发展" class="headerlink" title="2. OS发展"></a>2. <strong>OS发展</strong></h4><ul><li>手工操作阶段： 最早的计算机操作方式，完全由人工控制。</li><li>批处理阶段： 计算机按批次处理任务。</li><li>多道程序设计系统阶段： 多个程序同时进入内存并轮流执行。</li><li>分时系统阶段： 让多个用户共享计算机的时间和资源。</li><li>实时系统阶段： 实时性是关键，对任务的响应时间要求极高。</li></ul><h4 id="3-OS分类"><a href="#3-OS分类" class="headerlink" title="3. OS分类"></a>3. <strong>OS分类</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>批处理系统</strong>： 按批次处理作业。</li><li><strong>分时系统</strong>： 允许多个用户共享计算机同时进行交互操作。</li><li><strong>实时系统</strong>： 要求对任务的响应时间非常快。</li><li>网络系统： 支持多台计算机通过网络协作和通信。</li><li>分布式系统： 多台计算机协同工作以完成共同的任务。</li><li>个人机系统： 针对个人计算机的操作系统。</li></ul><h4 id="4-OS的功能"><a href="#4-OS的功能" class="headerlink" title="4. OS的功能"></a>4. <strong>OS的功能</strong></h4><ul><li>涉及操作系统提供的基本功能，例如资源管理、进程调度、文件管理等。</li></ul><h4 id="5-OS的特征"><a href="#5-OS的特征" class="headerlink" title="5. OS的特征"></a>5. <strong>OS的特征</strong></h4><ul><li>并发： 多个任务同时执行。</li><li>共享： 资源共享给多个任务。</li><li>虚拟： 利用技术使得每个用户都觉得有独占的计算机。</li><li>异步： 任务的执行是不可预测的。</li></ul><h4 id="6-OS结构"><a href="#6-OS结构" class="headerlink" title="6. OS结构"></a>6. <strong>OS结构</strong></h4><ul><li>涉及操作系统内部的结构组成，例如内核、系统调用接口等部分。</li></ul><h3 id="第二章-用户接口"><a href="#第二章-用户接口" class="headerlink" title="第二章 用户接口"></a>第二章 用户接口</h3><h4 id="1-用户接口"><a href="#1-用户接口" class="headerlink" title="1. 用户接口"></a>1. <strong>用户接口</strong></h4><ul><li>用户接口是操作系统与用户交互的方式和界面。</li><li>它包括命令行界面、图形用户界面（GUI）、应用程序接口（API）等，使得用户能够向系统提交任务并接收结果。</li></ul><h4 id="2-作业的定义与组成"><a href="#2-作业的定义与组成" class="headerlink" title="2. 作业的定义与组成"></a>2. <strong>作业的定义与组成</strong></h4><ul><li>作业指的是用户提交给计算机系统的任务单元，通常由作业控制块（Job Control Block）组成。</li><li>其中包括作业标识、作业状态、资源需求等信息。</li></ul><h4 id="3-作业的输入方式"><a href="#3-作业的输入方式" class="headerlink" title="3. 作业的输入方式"></a>3. <strong>作业的输入方式</strong></h4><p>作业可以通过不同方式输入：</p><ul><li>联机：实时与系统交互执行任务。</li><li>脱机：独立于系统执行任务。</li><li>直接耦合：直接连接设备执行任务。</li><li>SPOOLing联机外围同时操作：允许同时进行联机和外围设备操作，提高效率。</li></ul><h4 id="4-作业组织和控制"><a href="#4-作业组织和控制" class="headerlink" title="4. 作业组织和控制"></a>4. <strong>作业组织和控制</strong></h4><p>作业组织和控制根据作业的联机或脱机状态进行管理：</p><ul><li>联机作业：即时与系统进行交互的作业组织和控制。</li><li>脱机作业：独立于系统执行的作业组织和控制。</li></ul><h4 id="5-系统调用"><a href="#5-系统调用" class="headerlink" title="5. 系统调用"></a>5. <strong>系统调用</strong></h4><ul><li>系统调用是操作系统提供给应用程序的接口。</li><li>允许应用程序请求操作系统提供的服务或资源，如文件操作、内存管理等。</li></ul><h3 id="第三章-进程管理"><a href="#第三章-进程管理" class="headerlink" title="第三章 进程管理"></a>第三章 进程管理</h3><h4 id="1-程序顺序和并发执行及特点"><a href="#1-程序顺序和并发执行及特点" class="headerlink" title="1. 程序顺序和并发执行及特点"></a>1. <strong>程序顺序和并发执行及特点</strong></h4><ul><li>程序的顺序执行是按照指定的顺序逐条执行代码。</li><li>而并发执行是多个任务同时执行，具有并行性和独立性。</li></ul><h4 id="2-进程的定义、进程控制块及作用"><a href="#2-进程的定义、进程控制块及作用" class="headerlink" title="2. 进程的定义、进程控制块及作用"></a>2. <strong>进程的定义、进程控制块及作用</strong></h4><ul><li>进程是程序的执行实例。</li><li>进程控制块是操作系统中用来描述和控制进程状态的数据结构，其中包含了进程的相关信息。</li></ul><h4 id="3-进程的状态及变迁方式"><a href="#3-进程的状态及变迁方式" class="headerlink" title="3. 进程的状态及变迁方式"></a>3. <strong>进程的状态及变迁方式</strong></h4><ul><li>进程可以处于就绪、运行、阻塞等不同状态。</li><li>通过事件驱动或系统调度等方式在状态之间进行变迁。</li></ul><h4 id="4-进程的互斥与同步及其区别与联系"><a href="#4-进程的互斥与同步及其区别与联系" class="headerlink" title="4. 进程的互斥与同步及其区别与联系"></a>4. <strong>进程的互斥与同步及其区别与联系</strong></h4><ul><li>进程间的互斥和同步是为了避免数据竞争和确保数据一致性。</li><li>操作系统提供了各种同步机制来实现进程间的协作与同步。</li></ul><h4 id="5-死锁问题"><a href="#5-死锁问题" class="headerlink" title="5. 死锁问题"></a>5. <strong>死锁问题</strong></h4><ul><li>死锁是多个进程因相互等待对方持有的资源而无法继续执行的状态。</li><li>了解死锁产生的原因、条件以及预防和避免策略是至关重要的。</li></ul><h4 id="6-进程间通信"><a href="#6-进程间通信" class="headerlink" title="6. 进程间通信"></a>6. <strong>进程间通信</strong></h4><ul><li>不同进程之间进行通信的方式包括共享内存、消息传递、管道等。</li><li>用于实现进程之间的数据交换和协作。</li></ul><h4 id="7-线程"><a href="#7-线程" class="headerlink" title="7. 线程"></a>7. <strong>线程</strong></h4><ul><li>线程是进程的一部分，是CPU调度的基本单位。</li><li>相较于进程，线程更轻量级，可以共享进程资源，提高了并发执行的效率和灵活性。</li></ul><h3 id="第四章-处理机调度"><a href="#第四章-处理机调度" class="headerlink" title="第四章 处理机调度"></a>第四章 处理机调度</h3><h4 id="1-分级调度"><a href="#1-分级调度" class="headerlink" title="1. 分级调度"></a>1. <strong>分级调度</strong></h4><ul><li>分级调度是按照优先级对作业或进程进行排序和调度的方式。</li><li>不同级别的调度机制有不同的优先级，影响任务的执行顺序。</li></ul><h4 id="2-作业的状态及转换"><a href="#2-作业的状态及转换" class="headerlink" title="2. 作业的状态及转换"></a>2. <strong>作业的状态及转换</strong></h4><ul><li>描述了作业在系统中的不同状态，例如就绪、运行、完成等状态。</li><li>并讨论了作业在这些状态之间转换的条件和过程。</li></ul><h4 id="3-作业调度和进程调度的任务及功能"><a href="#3-作业调度和进程调度的任务及功能" class="headerlink" title="3. 作业调度和进程调度的任务及功能"></a>3. <strong>作业调度和进程调度的任务及功能</strong></h4><ul><li>作业调度负责从所有提交的作业中选择优先级最高的进行调度。</li><li>而进程调度则负责在同一作业内部选择进程进行执行。</li></ul><h4 id="4-常用的调度算法思想"><a href="#4-常用的调度算法思想" class="headerlink" title="4. 常用的调度算法思想"></a>4. <strong>常用的调度算法思想</strong></h4><ul><li>涵盖了几种常见的调度算法，如先来先服务（FCFS）、短作业优先（SJF）、优先级调度、轮转调度（RR）等。</li><li>这些算法有不同的思想和特点，影响着任务执行的顺序。</li></ul><h4 id="5-性能评价指标的计算"><a href="#5-性能评价指标的计算" class="headerlink" title="5. 性能评价指标的计算"></a>5. <strong>性能评价指标的计算</strong></h4><ul><li>讨论了用于评价调度算法性能的指标，例如周转时间、响应时间、等待时间等的计算方法。</li><li>这些指标能够衡量调度算法的有效性和效率。</li></ul><h3 id="第五章-存储管理"><a href="#第五章-存储管理" class="headerlink" title="第五章 存储管理"></a>第五章 存储管理</h3><h4 id="1-存储管理的功能"><a href="#1-存储管理的功能" class="headerlink" title="1. 存储管理的功能"></a>1. <strong>存储管理的功能</strong></h4><ul><li>分配和回收： 负责分配内存给进程并在进程结束后回收内存。</li><li>地址转换（重定位）： 将逻辑地址转换为物理地址。</li><li>共享与保护： 确保多个进程能共享内存，并对内存进行保护以防止非授权访问。</li><li>内存扩充（覆盖、交换、虚拟存储器）： 采用覆盖、交换或虚拟存储技术扩展内存空间。</li></ul><h4 id="2-分区管理"><a href="#2-分区管理" class="headerlink" title="2. 分区管理"></a>2. <strong>分区管理</strong></h4><ul><li>固定分区： 将内存划分为固定大小的分区。</li><li>动态分区： 动态地分配内存给进程，不同大小的分区根据需要分配。</li></ul><h4 id="3-页式-段式-段页式管理原理"><a href="#3-页式-段式-段页式管理原理" class="headerlink" title="3. 页式/段式/段页式管理原理"></a>3. <strong>页式/段式/段页式管理原理</strong></h4><ul><li>页式管理： 将物理内存和逻辑地址空间划分为固定大小的页，并进行地址映射。</li><li>段式管理： 将逻辑地址空间划分为若干段，每段长度不同。</li><li>段页式管理： 结合了段和页的管理方式，以解决段式管理和页式管理的问题。</li></ul><h4 id="4-页面置换算法及FIFO异常现象"><a href="#4-页面置换算法及FIFO异常现象" class="headerlink" title="4. 页面置换算法及FIFO异常现象"></a>4. <strong>页面置换算法及FIFO异常现象</strong></h4><ul><li>页面置换算法用于解决内存不足时的页面置换问题，如最优页面置换算法、先进先出（FIFO）算法等。</li><li>FIFO异常指的是FIFO算法在某些情况下可能出现的异常现象，即Belady异常。</li></ul><h4 id="5-局部性原理和抖动现象"><a href="#5-局部性原理和抖动现象" class="headerlink" title="5. 局部性原理和抖动现象"></a>5. <strong>局部性原理和抖动现象</strong></h4><ul><li>局部性原理： 指程序在执行过程中对某些特定的内存区域或页有较高的访问频率。</li><li>抖动现象： 当系统内存不足，频繁发生页面置换，导致性能急剧下降的现象。</li></ul><h3 id="第六章-文件管理"><a href="#第六章-文件管理" class="headerlink" title="第六章 文件管理"></a>第六章 文件管理</h3><h4 id="1-文件和文件系统的定义及文件的组成"><a href="#1-文件和文件系统的定义及文件的组成" class="headerlink" title="1. 文件和文件系统的定义及文件的组成"></a>1. <strong>文件和文件系统的定义及文件的组成</strong></h4><ul><li>文件定义： 文件是数据的有序集合，被存储在辅助存储设备中。</li><li>文件系统： 管理文件的系统软件。</li><li>文件组成： 文件通常由数据块、元数据（文件属性、权限等信息）组成。</li></ul><h4 id="2-文件的组织形式：逻辑结构、物理结构"><a href="#2-文件的组织形式：逻辑结构、物理结构" class="headerlink" title="2. 文件的组织形式：逻辑结构、物理结构"></a>2. <strong>文件的组织形式</strong>：逻辑结构、物理结构</h4><ul><li>逻辑结构： 指文件的逻辑组织形式，如顺序、随机、索引等。</li><li>物理结构： 指文件在存储介质上的组织形式，如连续存储、链接存储等。</li></ul><h4 id="3-文件空闲空间的管理"><a href="#3-文件空闲空间的管理" class="headerlink" title="3. 文件空闲空间的管理"></a>3. 文件空闲空间的管理</h4><ul><li>空闲文件目录法： 记录存储区域的空闲情况。</li><li>空闲块链接法、成组链接法、位示图法： 不同的方式管理文件存储空间。</li></ul><h4 id="4-文件目录"><a href="#4-文件目录" class="headerlink" title="4. 文件目录"></a>4. <strong>文件目录</strong></h4><ul><li>单级目录、二级目录、多级目录： 不同级别的文件目录组织结构，用于管理文件的层次结构。</li></ul><h4 id="5-文件的存取控制"><a href="#5-文件的存取控制" class="headerlink" title="5. 文件的存取控制"></a>5. <strong>文件的存取控制</strong></h4><ul><li>存取控制矩阵、存取控制表、口令、密码术： 控制文件访问权限和安全性的方法。</li></ul><h4 id="6-文件的使用"><a href="#6-文件的使用" class="headerlink" title="6. 文件的使用"></a>6. <strong>文件的使用</strong></h4><ul><li>建立、删除、打开、关闭、读、写文件： 文件管理系统提供的文件操作功能。</li></ul><h3 id="第七章-设备管理"><a href="#第七章-设备管理" class="headerlink" title="第七章 设备管理"></a>第七章 设备管理</h3><h4 id="1-设备管理的功能"><a href="#1-设备管理的功能" class="headerlink" title="1. 设备管理的功能"></a>1. <strong>设备管理的功能</strong></h4><ul><li>设备管理的任务： 包括设备分配、设备调度、设备控制和故障处理等。</li></ul><h4 id="2-设备的分类"><a href="#2-设备的分类" class="headerlink" title="2. 设备的分类"></a>2. <strong>设备的分类</strong></h4><ul><li>按功能分类： 输入设备、输出设备、存储设备等。</li><li>按连接方式分类： 内部设备、外部设备等。</li></ul><h4 id="3-中断技术"><a href="#3-中断技术" class="headerlink" title="3. 中断技术"></a>3. <strong>中断技术</strong></h4><ul><li>中断的概念和作用： 用于处理设备或外部事件引起的中断请求，让处理器暂停当前任务转而处理其他紧急事件。</li></ul><h4 id="4-缓冲技术"><a href="#4-缓冲技术" class="headerlink" title="4. 缓冲技术"></a>4. <strong>缓冲技术</strong></h4><ul><li>缓冲的作用： 在设备之间或设备和主存之间提供临时存储，用于平衡设备和主存速度不匹配的问题。</li></ul><h4 id="5-设备分配技术"><a href="#5-设备分配技术" class="headerlink" title="5. 设备分配技术"></a>5. <strong>设备分配技术</strong></h4><ul><li>设备分配的方法： 设备分配算法，如静态分配、动态分配等。</li></ul><hr><p><strong><strong>以上就是相关操作系统的期末考点，具体请看PPT</strong></strong></p></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__title"><span class="post-copyright-info"><h>操作系统课程主要知识点</h></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-info"><a 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class="announcement_content"><p><strong>博客架构概览：</strong><br>⚙️框架核心：Hexo<br>🕹️界面设计：Butterfly<br>🔮安全保障：长亭雷池<br>🔩管理工具：宝塔面板，1Panel<br>🎰服务器支持：阿里云，腾讯云<br>🎲CDN加速：多吉云，CloudFlare<br><strong>快捷跳转地址：</strong><br>🧩个人相册：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://xc.liushen.fun">xc.liushen.fun</a><br>🤖个人导航：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.liushen.fun">www.liushen.fun</a><br></p><img src="" data-lazy-src="/config/img/notice.gif" alt="可爱捏" title="可爱捏" style="width:100%;border-radius:10px"></div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95%E5%88%86%E5%80%BC%E5%88%92%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-text">考试分值划分：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-text">考试重点：</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%AB%A0-%E7%BB%AA%E8%AE%BA"><span class="toc-text">第一章 绪论</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-OS%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E3%80%81%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89"><span class="toc-text">1. OS地位、作用和定义</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-OS%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95"><span class="toc-text">2. OS发展</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-OS%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-text">3. OS分类</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-OS%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD"><span class="toc-text">4. OS的功能</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-OS%E7%9A%84%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81"><span class="toc-text">5. OS的特征</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-OS%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-text">6. OS结构</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%AB%A0-%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3"><span class="toc-text">第二章 用户接口</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3"><span class="toc-text">1. 用户接口</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90"><span class="toc-text">2. 作业的定义与组成</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-text">3. 作业的输入方式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%92%8C%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-text">4. 作业组织和控制</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">5. 系统调用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%AB%A0-%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-text">第三章 进程管理</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B6%E5%8F%91%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-text">1. 程序顺序和并发执行及特点</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E3%80%81%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%9D%97%E5%8F%8A%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">2. 进程的定义、进程控制块及作用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E5%8F%8A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-text">3. 进程的状态及变迁方式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%92%E6%96%A5%E4%B8%8E%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E4%B8%8E%E8%81%94%E7%B3%BB"><span class="toc-text">4. 进程的互斥与同步及其区别与联系</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E6%AD%BB%E9%94%81%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-text">5. 死锁问题</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E9%97%B4%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1"><span class="toc-text">6. 进程间通信</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-text">7. 线程</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%AB%A0-%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E6%9C%BA%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6"><span class="toc-text">第四章 处理机调度</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E5%88%86%E7%BA%A7%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6"><span class="toc-text">1. 分级调度</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%9A%84%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E5%8F%8A%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-text">2. 作业的状态及转换</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6%E5%92%8C%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%8F%8A%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD"><span class="toc-text">3. 作业调度和进程调度的任务及功能</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3"><span class="toc-text">4. 常用的调度算法思想</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7%E6%8C%87%E6%A0%87%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97"><span class="toc-text">5. 性能评价指标的计算</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%AB%A0-%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-text">第五章 存储管理</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD"><span class="toc-text">1. 存储管理的功能</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-text">2. 分区管理</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E9%A1%B5%E5%BC%8F-%E6%AE%B5%E5%BC%8F-%E6%AE%B5%E9%A1%B5%E5%BC%8F%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-text">3. 页式/段式/段页式管理原理</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%AE%E6%8D%A2%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%8AFIFO%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1"><span class="toc-text">4. 页面置换算法及FIFO异常现象</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E6%80%A7%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E5%92%8C%E6%8A%96%E5%8A%A8%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1"><span class="toc-text">5. 局部性原理和抖动现象</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%AB%A0-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-text">第六章 文件管理</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%92%8C%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90"><span class="toc-text">1. 文件和文件系统的定义及文件的组成</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%9A%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E3%80%81%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-text">2. 文件的组织形式：逻辑结构、物理结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B2%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-text">3. 文件空闲空间的管理</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95"><span class="toc-text">4. 文件目录</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-text">5. 文件的存取控制</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-text">6. 文件的使用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E7%AB%A0-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-text">第七章 设备管理</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD"><span class="toc-text">1. 设备管理的功能</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-text">2. 设备的分类</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF"><span class="toc-text">3. 中断技术</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-%E7%BC%93%E5%86%B2%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF"><span class="toc-text">4. 缓冲技术</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF"><span class="toc-text">5. 设备分配技术</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/posts/7915ee6b/" title="数据库可视化WEB工具对比"><img src="" data-lazy-src="https://p.liiiu.cn/i/2025/05/25/6832cc105bc41.webp" onerror='this.onerror=null,this.src="/img/404.jpg"' alt="数据库可视化WEB工具对比"></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/posts/7915ee6b/" 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